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Detection and Classification of Engine Exhaust Weld Joint Defects Using RNN and SVM on SS316L–SS410 and SS310–SS410
Örebro University, School of Science and Technology. (Digitalized product and production development)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6869-7180
Örebro University, School of Science and Technology. (Digitalized product and production development)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2014-1308
2025 (English)In: Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 1547-7029, E-ISSN 1864-1245Article in journal, Editorial material (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Online weld joint inspection by non-destructive testing is necessary for modern joining industries. Nondestructive testing gained popularity through its dominance in examinations and reliability in confirming the part’s excellence. Joining dissimilar metals is preferable in industries due to reduction in the mass of components and less cost of manufacturing using the safety and structural requirements in various applications ranging from automotive to railway and naval trades. The weld joint imperfection examination plays a significant role in the manufacturing industry. A setup of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) has been proposed for joining stainless steel grades of 316L, 310 and 410 thick sheets of 150 × 60 × 3 mm using variable process parameters. An autonomous technique known as Computer Aided Graphical User Interface (CAGUI) has been proposed for online detection and classification of multiform weld joint imperfections precisely comprising of crack, undercut, gas pores, porosity, tungsten inclusion, wormholes, lack of penetration, and non-defects in radiographic images using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) developed using a MATLAB workbench. The support vector machine classifier has classified the weld images by finding the best hyperplane that separates all the weld joint images into defects and non-defect classes. SVM has classified the weld joint defects and non-defect images and confirmed their accuracy performance as 97.50% using the confusion matrix. It confirmed the lack of penetration defects are erroneous for gas pores. A RNN classifier handles the nonlinear weld joint images along with the parallel processing of information and flexibility in system. The feedforward neural network classified weld joint defects and non-defect and confirmed their accuracy performance as 98.75% using a confusion matrix. The confusion matrix confirmed that the lack of penetration defects is erroneous for undercut. The proposed CAGUI improved the computation period without disturbing the correctness of features selection. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2025.
Keywords [en]
Support vector machine, Recurrent neural network, Surface features, Weld joint imperfection, Computer aided graphical user interface (CAGUI)
National Category
Industrial engineering and management
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-124058DOI: 10.1007/s11668-025-02292-7ISI: 001585429700001OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-124058DiVA, id: diva2:2002250
Available from: 2025-09-30 Created: 2025-09-30 Last updated: 2025-10-14Bibliographically approved

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Vinayak Patil, RajeshLöfstrand, Magnus

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