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Gender, nature, and ‘positive’ affect: A study of visual communication in Nordic digital ecofascism
Örebro University, School of Social Sciences and Media Studies.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4233-7835
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This study examines how ideas about nature and gender are affectively communicated in Nordic radical nationalism. It focuses on the strategic role of ‘positive’ affect in ecofascist visual discourse and how gendered representations structure and channel these affective processes. Three research questions guide the study: How does visual communication construct masculinity and femininity through positive affect? What work does gendered positive affect perform as a communication strategy? And how does positive affect contribute to normalizing far-right ecologism through gendered visual communication?

The thesis employs multimodal critical discourse analysis across three sub-studies, drawing on images, captions and texts collected from Telegram and Nordic radical nationalist digital archives between 2020 and 2025. A fourth sub-study consists of a systematic literature review. The first article analyses cuteness in ecofascist propaganda, finding that it disarms viewers by framing extremism as emotionally inviting, recruiting adherents through soft emotional appeals rather than overt aggression. The second identifies the ‘contemplative man’ trope, which constructs far-right masculinity as rooted in serenity and connection to the land, framing racial exclusion as a moral duty. The third examines the ‘wheat girl’ figure, showing how aestheticized femininity makes radical nationalism appear natural and desirable, framing ethnic exclusion as a biological necessity tied to fertility and tradition. The fourth article reviews existing scholarship in order to contextualize these visual tactics within broader patterns of far-right ecologism. It confirms that gender serves as a fundamental mechanism for mobilization and ideological justification.

Together, the studies demonstrate that positive affect functions simultaneously as a communication strategy and a tool for subjectification. Gendered imagery bypasses rational critique by framing exclusionary politics as beautiful, organic and emotionally fulfilling. This process recruits by making ideology emotionally appealing, subjectifies by offering gendered templates for identification and normalizes violence by embedding it within familiar frameworks of care and protection. Contemporary far-right discourse has updated fascist gender ideology for modern audiences, producing an aestheticized, softer version that is more difficult to identify as political. It is therefore essential that counter-radicalization strategies and digital literacy programmes that seek to look beyond explicit hate speech understand these mechanisms in order to engage critically with the aesthetics and emotional templates through which extremist ideologies travel and take root.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Örebro: Örebro University , 2026. , p. 170
Series
Örebro Studies in Gender Research ; 7
Keywords [en]
Nordic, ecofascism, far-right ecologism, gender, visual communication, affect, discourse, Sweden, masculinity
National Category
Gender Studies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-128684ISBN: 9789175297972 (print)ISBN: 9789175297989 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-128684DiVA, id: diva2:2057993
Public defence
2026-09-18, Örebro universitet, Forumhuset, Hörsal F, Fakultetsgatan 1, Örebro, 13:15 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

För Appendix, se den tryckta versionen.

For Appendix, see the printed version.

Available from: 2026-05-06 Created: 2026-05-06 Last updated: 2026-08-31Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Fascism, nature and communication: a Discursive-affective analysis of cuteness in ecofascist propaganda
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fascism, nature and communication: a Discursive-affective analysis of cuteness in ecofascist propaganda
2025 (English)In: Feminist Media Studies, ISSN 1468-0777, E-ISSN 1471-5902, Vol. 25, no 2, p. 443-463Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Ecofascism-the union of fascist ideas and ecological notions-is a rising global issue. Ecofascism in the online sphere often encompasses imaginaries of utopia, love and nostalgia in concert with militarism and violence. This article examines cuteness as a strategic tool used to arouse culturally deemed "positive" emotions like joy, love and pleasure. The study draws on findings from an affective-discursive analysis of visual propaganda in the form of ecofascist memes. The analysis shows that cuteness softens fascist ideology and remasculinises and humanises fascism. Cuteness as a rhetorical tool lessens the needs for ideological defence, since cute signifiers condense structures of meaning into binaries of good and evil. Hence, the article argues that cuteness is a powerful affective political communication strategy that serves to reproduce masculine dominance by mobilising gendered and racialised imaginaries of nature, protection, empathy and belonging.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2025
Keywords
Ecofascism, cuteness, masculinities, nordic, far-right propaganda
National Category
Gender Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-112293 (URN)10.1080/14680777.2024.2313006 (DOI)001169343200001 ()2-s2.0-85186453624 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-03-15 Created: 2024-03-15 Last updated: 2026-08-27Bibliographically approved
2. The contemplative man: 'positive' affect and masculinity in ecofascist visual communication
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The contemplative man: 'positive' affect and masculinity in ecofascist visual communication
2025 (English)In: Journal of Gender Studies, ISSN 0958-9236, E-ISSN 1465-3869Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Masculinity in far-right visual media is often portrayed through intimidating images of dominant, militant men. However, this study of affect in Nordic ecofascist visual communication shows that men are also depicted in meditative stillness surrounded by spectacular nature. Such 'positive' representations contrast with the typical far-right depictions of militant masculinity. This paper examines how positive affective communication shapes far-right masculinity, focusing on the trope we call 'the contemplative man'. Inspired by affect theory and social semiotics, we analyse images from ecofascist Telegram channels that show men alone and together in nature participating in meditative and nature-connected practices. We demonstrate how the 'contemplative man' trope broadens the range of available far-right masculine identities and connects men with nature through nativism. We argue that nature in ecofascist discourse allows for 'quieter' expressions of masculinity, providing a space for men to experience intimacy, spirituality and pleasure, alongside the traditional militant persona. Such forms of masculinity visualize the 'blood and soil' complex through natural imagery depicting outdoor activities such as cooking, hiking, and resting in peaceful solitude. This discourse fosters a special bond between white, Nordic men and the land, offering them a place in the social hierarchy and a role within ecology on both sensory and ideological levels.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2025
Keywords
Affect, ecofascism, far right, masculinity, social media
National Category
Gender Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-120286 (URN)10.1080/09589236.2025.2479797 (DOI)001447817000001 ()2-s2.0-105000544293 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2025-03-28 Created: 2025-03-28 Last updated: 2026-08-27Bibliographically approved
3. 'The Wheat Girl': Constructions of Gender, Nation and Nature in Nordic Far-Right Ecologism
Open this publication in new window or tab >>'The Wheat Girl': Constructions of Gender, Nation and Nature in Nordic Far-Right Ecologism
2026 (English)In: NORA: Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, ISSN 0803-8740, E-ISSN 1502-394XArticle in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

This article examines the discursive trope of "the wheat girl" in Nordic radical nationalist Telegram channels, exploring how white femininity is constructed within far-right ecologist imaginaries. The wheat girl-typically depicted as a conventionally attractive white woman in grain fields-embodies a paradoxical blend of feminine passivity and political agency. Drawing on feminist theory, affect theory, and scholarship on far-right ecologism, the study situates this trope within broader historical narratives where women symbolize both nation and nature. In the Nordic context, where gender equality is often framed as a cultural value, the wheat girl offers insight into how radical nationalists may mobilize gendered imagery to advance ecofascist ideologies. Through visual analysis and discourse studies, the article contributes empirically by highlighting the role of gender in far-right ecological communication, and theoretically by expanding discussions on affect, ideology, and constructions of white femininity in digital far-right spaces. The findings underscore how seemingly benign representations of women and nature serve exclusionary nationalist agendas, shaping how radical nationalist actors attract and engage audiences through constructions of beauty, spirituality and tradition.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2026
Keywords
Ecofascism, far-right ecologism, affect, Nordic, gendered discourse
National Category
Gender Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-127430 (URN)10.1080/08038740.2026.2616488 (DOI)001686621600001 ()
Available from: 2026-02-20 Created: 2026-02-20 Last updated: 2026-08-27Bibliographically approved
4. Gender in studies of the far right and its natural environment: An integrative scoping literature review
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Gender in studies of the far right and its natural environment: An integrative scoping literature review
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Gender Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-130820 (URN)
Available from: 2026-08-27 Created: 2026-08-27 Last updated: 2026-08-27Bibliographically approved

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