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Approaches and limitations of using extractable organofluorine - combustion ion chromatography to assess PFAS Total in drinking water
Örebro University, School of Science and Technology. (Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM))ORCID iD: 0009-0004-0847-0282
Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
Örebro University, School of Science and Technology. (Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM))ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7555-142x
Örebro University, School of Science and Technology. Eurofins Food & Feed Testing Sweden AB, Lidköping, Sweden. (Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM))
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2026 (English)In: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, ISSN 2050-7887, E-ISSN 2050-7895, Vol. 18, no 6, p. 1830-1842Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are now widely detected in drinking water globally as a result of decades of production and use. Although recent regulations aim to address this issue, including the recast EU Drinking Water Directive (DWD), which introduces a PFAS Total parametric value, no standardized analytical method has yet been established for their determination. Here, extractable organofluorine (EOF) analysis of drinking water using combustion ion chromatography (CIC) was evaluated as a proxy for assessing PFAS Total under the EU DWD. Due to the low recovery of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the EOF extraction, a workflow was presented that separated TFA from the PFAS Total reporting. The impact of different fluorine mass fractions on the conversion factor used to translate EOF concentrations into a PFAS Total parametric value was evaluated. Based on this discussion, PFOA (67% F) was selected as a representative reference compound. Due to the broad, non-specific coverage of the EOF method, contributions from non-PFAS organofluorine compounds or inorganic fluorinated species may occur, potentially inflating the PFAS Total parametric value. Therefore, a structured follow-up protocol for investigation of PFAS Total parametric value exceedance was presented to support the use of EOF-CIC as a screening and compliance-support tool.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Royal Society of Chemistry, 2026. Vol. 18, no 6, p. 1830-1842
National Category
Chemical Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-129276DOI: 10.1039/d6em00065gISI: 001780417400001PubMedID: 42299973OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-129276DiVA, id: diva2:2068325
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2020-02032Available from: 2026-06-09 Created: 2026-06-09 Last updated: 2026-07-06Bibliographically approved

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Larsson, PontusKärrman, Annavan Hees, PatrickYeung, Leo W. Y.

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