Personal care robots represent a wide category of robots which are designed to work in a symbiotic manner with their users. As cyber-physical systems, they may impact on privacy, especially, in three ways: facilitating direct surveillance, introducing new access points to traditionally protected spaces and leading to new varieties of highly sensitive personal information. Relationships between personal care robots and care recipients such as elderly or diseased people, have distinctive characteristics. The inherent vulnerability of care recipients raises specific questions concerning the relationship between data processors and data subject, especially with regard to information duties and transparency requirements, informed con-sent and legal capacity. In addition, human users often develop an emotional and empathic bond with personal care robots, considering them as friends or even partners. This well-known “anthropomorphization effect” might lead to significant misconceptions about data-processing, and challenge the very concept of informed consent. On the other hand, the cooperative nature of human-robot interaction offers a number of opportunities to protect privacy in new ways. Accordingly, this chapter focuses on both, the risks and opportunities that arise from the use of personal care robots for privacy and data protection.